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Related Concept Videos

Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...

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Common data elements for observational studies in ocular toxoplasmosis: a Delphi consensus.

William Rojas-Carabali1,2,3, Carlos Cifuentes-González1,2, Kerry Goetz4

  • 1Programme for Ocular Inflammation & Infection Translational Research, Department of Ophthalmology, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection
|September 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed standardized Common Data Elements (CDEs) for ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) research. This consensus-based dataset will improve data comparability and strengthen evidence for clinical decisions in posterior uveitis.

Keywords:
Clinical researchCommon data elementsDelphi consensusOcular toxoplasmosisStandardizationUveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is a leading cause of posterior uveitis and visual impairment worldwide.
  • Current research is hampered by a lack of standardized data collection methods.
  • This limits the ability to compare findings across studies and conduct robust meta-analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus-based set of Common Data Elements (CDEs) for observational studies of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT).
  • To create a standardized framework for collecting data in OT research and clinical practice.
  • To facilitate improved data comparability and evidence synthesis in the field.

Main Methods:

  • A Delphi consensus process involving 30 international experts in OT.
  • Initial CDEs identified through a comprehensive literature review and workshop.
  • Expert evaluation and refinement of candidate CDEs based on predefined consensus thresholds.

Main Results:

  • A standardized dataset of 139 Common Data Elements (CDEs) was developed across nine domains.
  • All 139 CDEs met inclusion criteria, with 79.8% deemed "very important" by experts.
  • The consensus highlights the need for comprehensive, standardized data in OT research.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first expert-derived standardized dataset for reporting OT outcomes.
  • The established CDEs provide a framework to standardize data collection in future observational OT studies.
  • Adoption of these CDEs will enhance data comparability, improve meta-analyses, and strengthen clinical decision-making for posterior uveitis.