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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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  1. Home
  3. The Risk Factors Of Atrial Substrate Remodeling In The Patients Of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation.
  1. Home
  3. The Risk Factors Of Atrial Substrate Remodeling In The Patients Of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

Related Experiment Video

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The risk factors of atrial substrate remodeling in the patients of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following pulmonary

Ji-Fang Ma1,2, Juan Hu2, Hai-Xia Fu2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Street, Yangpu District, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|September 24, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) progression accelerates atrial substrate remodeling in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF) experiencing recurrence after ablation. This remodeling is a key factor in very late recurrences.

Keywords:
Atrial substrateCHA2DS2-VASc scoreCatheter ablationParoxysmal atrial fibrillationRecurrence

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Atrial substrate remodeling (ASR) is a critical determinant of very late recurrence (VLR) in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF).
  • The risk factors driving ASR progression and their clinical impact are not fully understood.
  • This study investigates risk factors for ASR in PaAF patients with VLR post-catheter ablation (CA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify clinical, electrophysiological, and structural risk factors associated with ASR.
  • To analyze the interplay of these factors with clinical outcomes in PaAF patients experiencing VLR after CA.

Main Methods:

  • Screened 1786 consecutive PaAF patients undergoing CA.
  • Enrolled 102 patients with normal baseline atrial substrate who experienced recurrent AF.
  • Categorized patients into ASR and non-ASR (NASR) groups for comparative analysis of risk factors including arrhythmia recurrence type, CHA2DS2-VASc score, comorbidities, and PVs-LA reconnection.

    • Main Results:

    • The ASR group (49 patients) showed higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores, longer recurrence intervals, and a greater prevalence of recurrent persistent AF (PsAF) compared to the NASR group (53 patients).
    • Recurrent PsAF was identified as an independent risk factor for ASR (HR=2.66, P=0.04).
    • Cardiac function remained preserved in both groups despite the presence of ASR.

    Conclusions:

    • In PaAF patients with VLR, recurrent persistent AF is an independent risk factor driving atrial substrate remodeling.
    • Arrhythmia progression, specifically the transition from PaAF to PsAF, significantly contributes to structural-electrical remodeling.
    • These findings emphasize the role of arrhythmia progression in ASR, even in patients with initially normal atrial substrates.