Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026
Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
Published on: June 6, 2025
Comparative evaluation of the effects of four types of iron supplements on primary teeth discoloration: an in vitro
Parisa Vahedi1, Nikta Bagheri2, Somayeh Khoramian Tusi1
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Background:
Iron supplements can cause discoloration in children's teeth, which can impact their confidence and social interactions. This staining may discourage parents from continuing treatment. The study compared different types of iron supplements-encapsulated (liposomal, sucrosomial) and non-encapsulated (ferrous sulfate, iron polysaccharide complex)-to assess their impact on tooth discoloration.
Materials And Methods:
In this in vitro study, a total of 65 intact anterior primary teeth were examined. Their initial color was assessed using an X-RITE spectrophotometer in the CIELab system. The control group was treated with normal saline, while experimental groups were exposed to iron supplements: Liposofer, Amivital Ferrous Sulphate, SiderAl, and Feramax. The teeth were immersed in these solutions for two weeks before final color measurements. SPSS software version 27 was used for statistical analysis, including paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, LSD multiple comparison tests, Tamhane's T2 test, and the Shapiro-Wilk test. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results:
The mean ∆E parameter (color assessment) of primary teeth was significantly higher in the groups treated with Amivital Ferrous Sulphate and SiderAl iron supplements compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Among the iron supplements, Liposofer and Feramax showed the lowest mean ∆E parameter for primary teeth (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The type of iron supplement may play a key role in primary tooth discoloration. These findings suggest that polysaccharide and liposomal iron supplements may cause less discoloration in vitro, though further clinical research is needed to confirm these findings.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
01:30EDTA: Direct, Back-, and Displacement Titration
Direct titration involves buffering the metal ion solution to the desired pH and directly titrating with standard EDTA until the endpoint. The optimum pH ensures a large conditional formation constant of metal−EDTA and visibility of the free indicator color in the solution. In addition, auxiliary complexing reagents are used to prevent the precipitation of metal hydroxides...