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Clinical Importance of miRNA in Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Potential
1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, India.
Abstract:
Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is the major chronic complication in diabetic patients. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of DN are not fully understood; however, failures in axon- Schwann cell and microvascular endothelial communication networks play major roles in DN progression. The multiple pathophysiological mechanisms of DN are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), including inflammation, vascularization, angiogenesis, posttranscriptional regulation, intercellular communication, and signalling pathways. Various types of miRNA affect the gene expressions within cells, but their profiles often change during DN, including SMAD, PI3K, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB), and MAPK. DN has been associated with the miRNAs-9, miRNA-106, miRNA-182, miRNA-23a, miRNA-23b, miRNA-23c, miRNA-503, miRNA-203, miRNA-145, and miRNA-126. MiRNA dysregulation is one of the first molecular changes seen in diabetics. Therefore, miRNAs hold promise as both therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. This study aims to discuss the importance of miRNA in clinical pathophysiology, diagnosis, signalling pathways, and therapeutic targets for DN.
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