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Identifying Latent Cognitive Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using
Soo Youn Kim1,2, Eric A Youngstrom1,2,3, Megan Norris1,2
1Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Abstract:
There is limited information concerning the presence of empirically derived, person-centered latent cognitive profiles in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether these profiles are diagnostically useful. The aim of this study was to identify empirically driven cognitive subgroups in youth with ASD or ADHD and examine predictors of those profiles. A retrospective chart review was conducted with patients seen at a developmental assessment clinic who were identified with ASD or ADHD aged 2 to 16 years (n = 1,679, Mage = 8.4, SDage = 3.1). A Latent Profile Analysis with Stanford-Binet-Fifth Edition composites resulted in 14 profiles, which were roughly parallel to each other across various levels of cognitive functioning. Several profiles were characterized by a relatively large discrepancy between the Nonverbal IQ and Verbal IQ. Younger age and higher IQ were significant predictors of those with scattered profiles, whereas diagnoses (i.e., ASD or ADHD), sex, and emotional-behavioral functioning were not.
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Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Autism Spectrum Disorder
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Intellectual Disability