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Identifying Latent Cognitive Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using
Soo Youn Kim1,2, Eric A Youngstrom1,2,3, Megan Norris1,2
1Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
This study identified 14 cognitive profiles in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Younger age and higher IQ predicted scattered cognitive profiles, not diagnosis or sex.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive Psychology
- Child Psychiatry
Background:
- Limited data exists on person-centered cognitive profiles in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Understanding these cognitive profiles is crucial for diagnostic utility and targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify empirically driven cognitive subgroups in youth diagnosed with ASD or ADHD.
- To examine predictors associated with these identified cognitive profiles.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of 1,679 youth (ages 2-16) diagnosed with ASD or ADHD.
- Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) using Stanford-Binet-Fifth Edition cognitive composites.
- Analysis of demographic, diagnostic, and emotional-behavioral factors as predictors.
Main Results:
- Latent Profile Analysis revealed 14 distinct cognitive profiles.
- Profiles were generally parallel across cognitive functioning levels.
- Significant discrepancies between Nonverbal and Verbal IQ characterized several profiles.
- Younger age and higher overall IQ were significant predictors of scattered cognitive profiles.
- ASD/ADHD diagnosis, sex, and emotional-behavioral functioning did not predict profile membership.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive heterogeneity exists within youth diagnosed with ASD or ADHD.
- Cognitive profiles are not strongly predicted by diagnostic status, sex, or emotional-behavioral factors.
- Age and overall cognitive ability are key factors influencing the emergence of specific cognitive profiles.
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Related Concept Videos
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
Wechsler's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Autism Spectrum Disorder
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Intellectual Disability