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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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A Time-Cost Analysis of Operating Room Utilization and Efficiency in Cardiac Surgery.

Suvitesh Luthra1,2, Gabriel Hunduma1, Ahmed Eissa1

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesia, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing operating room (OR) utilization in cardiac surgery can significantly reduce costs. Analyzing procedure times and team efficiencies reveals opportunities for substantial savings in cardiac surgical pathways.

Keywords:
cardiac surgerycostefficiencyoperating roomoperating timeoperation researchutilization

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Health Services Research
  • Operating Room Management

Background:

  • Operating Room (OR) utilization and efficiency are critical factors in managing costs within cardiac surgery.
  • Variations in OR times and efficiencies can impact resource allocation and patient throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine Operating Room (OR) utilization efficiencies and associated costs in cardiac surgery.
  • To identify factors influencing OR efficiency and potential areas for cost savings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort analysis of 1987 cardiac surgeries over a 2-year period.
  • Evaluation of surgeon idling time, knife-to-skin time, procedure time, total operation time, and transfer times.
  • Calculation of operational efficiency indices (InOE, sInOE) for different procedures and teams.

Main Results:

  • Mean procedure time was 246 ± 73 minutes, constituting 78% of total OR time.
  • Highest OR utilization efficiencies were observed for aortic valve replacement (AVR) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).
  • Procedure times showed a strong negative correlation with the Index of Operational Efficiency (InOE) (r = -0.940, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations exist in OR times and efficiencies across different cardiac surgical procedures and teams.
  • Enhancing efficiency along operational pathways in cardiac surgery theatres presents opportunities for significant cost savings.