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Optimizing CO2 electroreduction: theoretical insights for enhancing efficiency across elementary steps.

Hengan Wang1,2, Xinchen Kang1,2, Buxing Han1,2

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Centre for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. kangxinchen@iccas.ac.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) converts emissions to fuels. This review details optimizing elementary steps for better CO2RR catalysts and systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Carbon capture and utilization

Background:

  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a route to convert CO2 emissions into valuable products.
  • Current CO2RR systems struggle with optimizing interdependent processes like adsorption, electron-proton transfer, and mass transport, leading to performance trade-offs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of theories and applications governing elementary steps in CO2RR.
  • To guide the design of improved electrocatalytic systems by systematically optimizing individual processes.
  • To discuss catalyst deactivation mechanisms and strategies for enhancing stability.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of elementary steps in CO2RR.
  • Review of experimental methodologies for investigating CO2RR mechanisms.
  • Analysis of alternative anodic reactions for improved energy efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Optimizing elementary steps can significantly enhance CO2RR selectivity, activity, and stability.
  • Understanding deactivation mechanisms is crucial for long-term catalyst performance.
  • Alternative anodic reactions can improve overall system energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic optimization of elementary steps, informed by theoretical frameworks, is key to advancing CO2RR.
  • This review offers insights into catalyst and near-catalyst environment design for industrial CO2RR applications.
  • Addressing challenges and exploring future prospects are vital for the field's progress.