A comprehensive study of hip dislocation: global health burden from 1990 to 2021 and its predictions to 2030

Hip dislocation is a critical clinical emergency that demands immediate intervention to prevent complications such as avascular necrosis, nerve damage, and long-term joint dysfunction. As population demographics evolve-with aging populations and increasing urbanization-and injury patterns shift due to factors such as road traffic accidents, sports-related injuries, and occupational hazards, the need to update our understanding of the epidemiology of hip dislocation becomes ever more pressing. These changes highlight the importance of identifying high-risk groups and tailoring preventive and therapeutic strategies accordingly. This study leverages comprehensive data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to analyze the latest trends, disease burden, and population-specific patterns of hip dislocation. This analysis aims to produce evidence-based insights that inform clinical practice, guide public health policies, and promote efficient resource allocation. The findings will also help predict future trends, enabling proactive measures to mitigate the impact of hip dislocation on global health.

Data from the GBD 2021 was utilized to calculate the estimated annual percentage change in hip dislocation metrics. A comprehensive analysis of population patterns was conducted, focusing specifically on region, age and gender distributions. Key measures included crude and age-standardized incidence rates, crude and age-standardized Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) rates, and absolute case numbers and corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, with positive EAPC values indicating an increasing trend and negative values indicating a decreasing trend. Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was cross-analyzed with other study indicators to examine potential correlations. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort models, implemented through the BAPC R package, were used to project changes in the disease burden of hip dislocation by 2030.

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate and YLDs rate of hip dislocation decreased, while the number of cases and YLDs number increased. The disease burden is relatively high among the youth (15-24) and the older population (50+). In SDI-stratified analyses, incidence gaps narrowed across all quintiles, yet low-SDI regions still bore a comparatively higher residual disability burden by 2020. Males have consistently faced a heavier burden than females. High-energy trauma, particularly falls, warrants special attention in the older population. The total number of hip dislocation cases will increase, while the corresponding rate declines. Men will still bear a substantial disease burden of hip dislocation by 2030.

The disease burden of hip dislocation remains a significant public health challenge. Data-driven analysis is pivotal for guiding clinical practice, shaping public health policies, and ensuring optimal allocation of healthcare resources. Strategic efforts are needed to address the persisting burden, particularly among high-risk demographic groups.