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Previous abortion and preeclampsia in Kigali, Rwanda: a case-control study
Anas M Bakhiet1, Nadiah AlHabardi2, Ishag Adam2
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Science and Technology, Kigali, Rwanda.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|September 25, 2025
Summary
A history of spontaneous abortion increases the risk of developing preeclampsia. Women with one or more past abortions face a significantly higher risk, necessitating closer monitoring during pregnancy.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Reproductive Health
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication.
- Understanding risk factors for preeclampsia is crucial for maternal health.
- Previous spontaneous abortion is a potential, under-investigated risk factor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a history of spontaneous abortion and the occurrence of preeclampsia.
- To quantify the risk of preeclampsia in women with prior abortions.
Main Methods:
- Case-control study design involving 188 preeclampsia cases and 188 healthy pregnant controls.
- Data collected via questionnaires at Kacyiru Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.
- Multivariate binary regression analysis used to assess risk.
Main Results:
- Women with a history of abortion had a significantly higher risk of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.66).
- The risk increased with the number of previous abortions: one abortion (AOR = 2.33), two or more abortions (AOR = 8.29).
- Rural residency and increasing body mass index were also associated with higher preeclampsia risk.
Conclusions:
- A history of spontaneous abortion is a significant risk factor for preeclampsia.
- Women with a history of abortion require enhanced prenatal care and monitoring for preeclampsia development.
