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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Ionic-Liquid-Modified Nanoparticles as Potential Mucus Modulators for Nasal Drug Delivery.

Mary E VanLandingham1, Rebekah A Heintz1, Chathuri S Kariyawasam2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States.

ACS Applied Nano Materials
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choline carboxylic acid-based ionic liquids (ILs) can modify polymer nanoparticle (NP) transport through mucosal barriers. This study explored ILs

Keywords:
diffusiondrug deliveryionic liquidsmucinmucusnanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Mucosal barriers present significant challenges for effective drug delivery.
  • Polymer nanoparticles (NPs) show promise for drug delivery but face diffusion limitations.
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties and biocompatibility for modulating biological barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of choline carboxylic acid-based ILs on the diffusion of PLGA, PEG-PLGA, and PEG-PLA NPs through nasal mucus.
  • To analyze the interactions between IL-modified NPs and mucin using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques.
  • To evaluate the potential of ILs for enhancing intranasal drug delivery using an ex vivo model.

Main Methods:

  • Multiple particle tracking to measure NP diffusion rates in aqueous and mucosal environments.
  • UV-vis spectroscopy and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to study NP-mucin interactions and mucin structural changes.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for quantitative binding energy measurements.
  • Ex vivo porcine nasal mucosa model for assessing intranasal delivery potential.

Main Results:

  • Choline-based ILs altered NP diffusion rates, with specific ILs affecting different NP types differently (e.g., slowing PEG-PLGA, increasing PEG-PLA diffusion).
  • ILs were shown to stabilize interactions between polymer NPs and mucin polymers.
  • Spectroscopic and calorimetric data confirmed complex formation and binding energies between NPs and mucus.
  • Ex vivo studies suggested a link between zwitterionic transport materials and improved nasal drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Choline carboxylic acid-based ILs can modulate the transport behavior of polymer NPs in mucosal environments.
  • These ILs demonstrate potential for controlling NP-mucin interactions, offering a strategy for enhanced intranasal drug delivery.
  • The findings highlight the utility of ILs in overcoming mucosal barriers for improved therapeutic applications.