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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

247
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
247
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

225
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
169
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

245
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
245
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

321
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

868
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: Recent Updates.

Thomas Ward Fredrick1, Michael Camilleri1, Andres Acosta1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Clinical Pharmacology : Advances and Applications
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review details the latest anti-obesity medications, including FDA-approved drugs and those in development. It covers mechanisms, efficacy, and future targets for weight management therapies.

Keywords:
glucagon-like peptide-1obesityobesity managementpharmacotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with significant health implications.
  • Understanding the physiology of hunger and satiety is crucial for developing effective anti-obesity medications.
  • Current pharmacotherapies target various pathways involved in appetite regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging anti-obesity medications.
  • To detail the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and benefits of these pharmacological agents.
  • To discuss best practices for integrating these medications into obesity treatment plans.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of recent updates on anti-obesity medications as of February 2025.
  • Focus on FDA-approved drugs and select medications in Phase 2 and 3 trials.
  • Analysis of physiologic mechanisms, efficacy, and comparative data.

Main Results:

  • Review of non-incretin agents (orlistat, phentermine, phentermine-topiramate, naltrexone-bupropion) and setmelanotide for heritable obesity.
  • Detailed examination of GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide) and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist (tirzepatide).
  • Exploration of pipeline incretin targets including dual/triple agonists and amylin agonists.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacological interventions for obesity are rapidly evolving with diverse mechanisms of action.
  • Emerging therapies, particularly incretin-based, show significant promise for weight management.
  • Optimizing treatment requires understanding drug efficacy, adjunct therapies, and monitoring strategies.