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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Integrins01:10

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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An Explant Assay for Assessing Cellular Behavior of the Cranial Mesenchyme
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A cadherin-integrin-ECM code for presomitic mesoderm fluidity.

Miriam A Genuth1, Dörthe Jülich1, Andrew T Ton2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue solidification during embryonic development is controlled by cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix interactions. This study reveals a balance between promoting solidification and inhibiting it through feedback mechanisms, crucial for tissue development and disease.

Keywords:
CadherinFibrillinFibronectinIntegrinZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Animal tissues transition between fluid and solid states, influencing embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
  • Fluid-to-solid transitions depend on the balance between adhesive and kinetic cellular energies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms driving tissue solidification in the presomitic mesoderm.
  • To elucidate the role of cell adhesion and extracellular matrix components in regulating tissue fluidity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of live imaging, genetic manipulation, and computational modeling.
  • Investigated the expression and function of Cadherin 2, fibronectin, Integrin α5, and Fibrillin 2b.
  • Developed a computational model to simulate cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Presomitic mesoderm solidification is driven by decreased cell speed and increased adhesion via Cadherin 2, fibronectin, and Integrin α5.
  • A computational model successfully replicated observed tissue solidification phenotypes.
  • Fibronectin promotes Fibrillin 2b matrix formation, creating negative feedback that inhibits solidification.

Conclusions:

  • A tissue fluidity code exists, where cadherins, Integrin α5, and fibronectin promote solidification.
  • Negative feedback mediated by Fibrillin 2b promotes tissue fluidization, maintaining developmental plasticity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for comprehending tissue morphogenesis and pathological processes.