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Study on the correlation between levels of vitamin A and vitamin E and neonatal immune function and necrotizing

Jing Ma1, Zhexia Hu2, Weina Liu1

  • 1Department of Neonatal, Shijiazhuang No.4 Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|September 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Vitamin A (VA) and Vitamin E (VE) supplementation improved immune function and reduced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) risk in premature infants. Combined VA and VE offered the most significant benefits for infant health.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin A (VA) and Vitamin E (VE) deficiencies are prevalent in premature infants.
  • These deficiencies can compromise immune function and elevate the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Vitamin A and E levels and neonatal immune status.
  • To assess the impact of VA and VE supplementation on immune markers and NEC incidence in premature infants.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 220 premature infants from 2022-2024.
  • Infants were assigned to VA, VE, VA+VE supplementation, or control groups.
  • Assessed VA, VE levels, and T lymphocyte subsets before and after one month of supplementation.

Main Results:

  • Supplemented groups showed significant increases in VA and VE levels (P<0.05).
  • Immune function markers improved, particularly in the VA+VE group (P<0.05).
  • The VA+VE group exhibited the lowest NEC incidence (1.82%, P=0.031), with higher VA/VE levels correlating to better immunity and lower NEC risk (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal immune function and NEC occurrence are closely linked to Vitamin A and E concentrations.
  • Supplementation with both Vitamin A and Vitamin E shows promise in preventing NEC in premature newborns.

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