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COVID-19 Impact on Adolescent Vaccination Administration Rates in the U.S. Military Health System.

Jessica Wilder1, Sohyun Ha1, Yun Seong Ji2

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The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
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Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic reduced adolescent vaccination rates for HPV, Tdap, and flu among military families. Meningococcal vaccine uptake increased, but overall recovery was slow, particularly for junior enlisted families.

Keywords:
Adolescent healthAdolescent vaccinationCOVID-19Health-care disparitiesMilitary dependents

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global healthcare, impacting routine pediatric preventive services like vaccinations.
  • Adolescent vaccination is crucial for preventing infectious diseases and requires consistent delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent vaccination rates within the U.S. Military Health System.
  • To compare vaccine delivery for Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Tdap, MCV4, MenB, and influenza before and during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Military Health System Data Repository to analyze monthly vaccination CPT codes for adolescents aged 11-21.
  • Compared vaccination rates for key adolescent vaccines during prepandemic (March 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-February 2022) periods.
  • Included analysis of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and disparities based on geographic location and parental military rank.

Main Results:

  • Monthly vaccination rates for HPV, Tdap, and seasonal influenza decreased during the pandemic compared to prepandemic levels.
  • Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) vaccination rates increased during the pandemic.
  • Adolescents living outside the continental U.S. had higher COVID-19 vaccination rates; higher rates were observed in children of officers versus junior enlisted members.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in adolescent vaccination coverage among military dependents, with notable disparities.
  • Recovery in vaccination rates was slow, with meningococcal vaccines showing increased uptake, unlike other routine adolescent immunizations.
  • Targeted interventions may be needed to address vaccination gaps in specific subgroups, such as junior enlisted families.