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Association of Handgrip Strength With Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A Machine Learning Study.

Sung Jin Kim1,2, Young Goo Lee1, Ohseong Kwon1

  • 1Department of Urology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1, Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, South Korea.

International Urogynecology Journal
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lower handgrip strength is linked to urinary incontinence (UI) in postmenopausal women. This simple muscle function test can help identify women at higher risk for UI, enabling early intervention.

Keywords:
FrailtyHandgrip strengthMachine learningPostmenopausal womenPredictive modelingUrinary incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Urology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent in older women, often linked to frailty and functional decline.
  • Handgrip strength serves as a noninvasive indicator of overall muscle function and health.
  • Identifying early markers for UI risk is crucial for timely intervention in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between handgrip strength and UI in postmenopausal Korean women.
  • To evaluate the predictive capability of handgrip strength for UI using machine learning models.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 4213 postmenopausal women (aged ≥45) from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.
  • UI defined as reporting urine leakage on ≥5 days in the past month.
  • Machine learning models (logistic regression, RF, SVM, XGB, DNN) used for UI prediction, validated with cross-validation.

Main Results:

  • UI prevalence was 26.0% among participants.
  • Women with UI were older and had significantly lower handgrip strength (20.4 kg vs. 22.5 kg).
  • Lower handgrip strength independently predicted UI (aOR 0.971 per 1 kg decrease), with RF and XGB models showing high predictive performance (AUCs 0.887 and 0.860).

Conclusions:

  • Handgrip strength is an independent predictor of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women.
  • A handgrip strength threshold of 15.75 kg can identify increased UI risk.
  • This accessible measure can aid in early risk identification and intervention for UI.