Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 16, 2026
10:21
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
Published on: June 14, 2016
10.6K
Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Needs in Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Milind Y Desai1, Niccolo Maurizi2, Elena Biagini3
1HCM Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
JACC. Heart Failure
|September 25, 2025
Summary
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart condition affecting many globally. This review details nonobstructive HCM, its varied impacts, and current research for new treatments.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Genetics
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects over 1 in 500 individuals globally.
- Nonobstructive HCM, comprising 30-70% of cases, is highly heterogeneous.
- It leads to significant morbidity, including heart failure and arrhythmias.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of nonobstructive HCM.
- To cover epidemiology, natural history, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects.
- To discuss current treatments and ongoing clinical trials.
Main Methods:
- This is a narrative review.
- Literature search on nonobstructive HCM.
- Synthesis of existing data on the condition.
Main Results:
- Nonobstructive HCM presents with diverse clinical manifestations.
- Genetic factors play a crucial role in its pathophysiology.
- No pharmaceutical therapies are currently approved, but trials are active.
Conclusions:
- Nonobstructive HCM requires further research due to its heterogeneity and burden.
- Understanding its natural history and genetics is key.
- Ongoing trials offer hope for future therapeutic strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care
338
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
338
01:29Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
411
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
411
01:30Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy
470
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
470
01:25Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification
504
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
504
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
2.9K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.9K
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
730
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
730