Dual-enhanced sodium storage: High capacity and stability performance simultaneously in SnS₂@GO anodes

SnS₂ has emerged as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (1136 mAh g^-1) and large interlayer spacing (5.9 Å). However, its practical application is severely hindered by significant volume expansion and poor intrinsic conductivity. In this work, SnS₂@GO was successfully synthesized via a reflux method. The integration of SnS₂ with GO not only enhance the overall conductivity but also yield ultrasmall nanoparticles which shorten the diffusion pathways for Na⁺ and electrons while mitigating volume expansion. As a result, SnS₂@GO demonstrates exceptional electrochemical properties, including outstanding cycling performance (1120 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1), remarkable rate capability (788 mAh g^-1 at 5 A g^-1), and superior long-term cycling stability (588 mAh g^-1 at 5 A g^-1 after 1200 cycles), highlighting its great potential for the applications of SIBs.