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Vertical transmission of eggshell microbiota modulates preservation efficiency: Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis as
Jiahao Zhu1, Haibin Deng1, Lipeng Xing1
1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Abstract:
This study investigated the differences in eggshell microbiota across laying periods of hens and their potential regulatory mechanisms on egg preservation. 16S rRNA analysis revealed significant microbial variations between peak and end-laying periods, showing a declining Bacillus/Staphylococcus ratio as hens aged. Bacillus subtilis, isolated and identified from peak-laying-period eggshell microbiota, demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity. Eggs pretreated with its supernatant exhibited higher Haugh units and yolk indices after one week of storage. Untargeted metabolomics suggested this preservation effect might be associated with metabolites from Bacillus subtilis that inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide novel evidence for microbial vertical transmission influencing egg preservation and propose a probiotic metabolite-based strategy to extend egg shelf life.
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