Advances in physical and chemical strategies for dentin hypersensitivity therapy

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a prevalent and acute dental pain disorder marked by a brief yet sharp toothache caused by exposed dentin, often in response to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. It significantly affects a person's quality of life, interfering with routine activities, such as eating and drinking. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying DH, various physical and chemical strategies have been developed to alleviate the condition.

This review evaluates three principal mechanistic theories underlying DH desensitization, including the Direct Innervation Hypothesis, the Odontoblast Receptor Theory, and the Hydrodynamic Theory. It provides a detailed analysis of current physical, chemical, and synergistic therapeutic methods used for desensitization. Additionally, it discusses potential future therapeutic approaches for the treatments of DH.

This review highlights recent advancements and ongoing challenges in applying physical and chemical strategies for DH therapy. It also discusses potential future strategies and methods, offering insights into the prospects for the field.