Translation and measurement properties of Persian version of Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) has received limited attention in scientific literature, but due to a recent increase in reported cases, it has become a subject of investigation. The reliability and validity of the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q), in separate mother and father versions, have not yet been studied in Iran. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian CPV-Q.

This research employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate the Persian CPV-Q's psychometric properties. The process included translation (using backward-forward method), face validity (via impact score calculation), content validity (using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI)), construct validity (through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA)) and reliability assessment (via test-retest, coefficient α, coefficient ω and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)).

The study was conducted at the Faculties of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

A total of 500 qualified students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were recruited using cluster random sampling. These participants completed the Persian CPV-Q.

Face validity was confirmed, with impact scores exceeding 1.5 for all items. Content validity was strong, with CVR=0.92 and CVI=0.89. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors related to violence frequency and two factors regarding reasons for violence, consistent with the original questionnaire, covering 19 and 8 items, respectively. Total variance explained was 0.30 and 0.39 for the mother's version and 0.33 and 0.43 for the father's version in frequency and reason sections. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test confirmed sample adequacy (<0.001). Items were removed from both versions due to statistical insignificance, zero variance or collinearity. CFA supported the model fit. Reliability metrics showed coefficient α of 0.81 (mother) and 0.80 (father), coefficient ω of 0.77 (mother) and 0.74 (father), and ICC (95% CI) values of 0.72 (0.42 to 0.87) (mother) and 0.79 (0.56 to 0.90) (father), indicating good reliability.

The Persian CPV-Q demonstrates adequate validity and reliability for assessing the prevalence and causes of CPV in Iranian society.