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A consequentialist case for permitting conscientious objection in healthcare.

Steve Clarke1

  • 1School of Social Work and Arts, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia stclarke@csu.edu.au.

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|September 25, 2025
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Summary

Healthcare professionals should have limited conscientious objection (CO) rights, balancing patient care with provider beliefs. A novel system of regional registers can manage CO, avoiding problematic referrals and ensuring service access.

Keywords:
Conscientious Refusal to TreatEthicsHealth PersonnelPhilosophyPolicy

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Conscientious objection (CO) in healthcare is debated, particularly among consequentialist ethicists.
  • Julian Savulescu and Udo Schüklenk advocate the 'incompatibility thesis,' denying healthcare professionals CO rights.
  • Existing compromise positions, like Brock's 'conventional compromise,' rely on referral, which presents challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue for a consequentialist compromise on conscientious objection in healthcare.
  • To propose an alternative to existing compromise models, specifically addressing the limitations of referral.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation analyzing consequentialist ethics and CO.
  • Critique of the 'incompatibility thesis' and Brock's 'conventional compromise.'
  • Development of a novel system for managing CO based on regional registers.

Main Results:

  • The incompatibility thesis is challenged from a consequentialist perspective.
  • Referral is identified as a problematic mechanism for managing CO.
  • A region-based register system is proposed as a superior consequentialist approach.

Conclusions:

  • Consequentialists should support a nuanced approach to healthcare CO, allowing it under specific conditions.
  • A system of regional registers offers a practical and ethically sound method for managing CO.
  • This model enhances patient access to care while respecting healthcare professionals' conscientious beliefs.