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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

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The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high-affinity receptor Fc&#949;RI
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Adverse Effects and Drug Reactions in Equids.

Katherine E Wilson1, Jennifer L Davis2

  • 1Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are harms from medications, occurring from errors or reactions. This review covers common ADEs in horses, aiding early detection and client communication for better equine patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Adverse reactionDrugHorseMedical error

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adverse drug events (ADEs) are harms from medical interventions.
  • These events arise from human error or unintended drug reactions at normal doses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common ADEs in equine practice.
  • To enhance early detection and management of ADEs in horses.
  • To improve client communication regarding drug safety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common ADEs in equine practice.

Main Results:

  • Focus on frequently used equine drugs and their associated ADEs.
  • Understanding ADE manifestations is key for early detection.
  • Knowledge of ADEs improves patient outcomes and client education.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and management of ADEs are crucial for equine health.
  • Informed client communication enhances safe and effective drug use in horses.