The independent and combined effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on body mass index trajectories
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Smoking significantly impacts body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Continuous smokers with COPD lose weight faster, while quitters gain weight, highlighting smoking
Area Of Science
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine
- Metabolic Health and Nutrition
- Epidemiology and Public Health
Background
- Low body mass index (BMI) is prevalent in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Cigarette smoking, a primary risk factor for COPD, is also independently associated with lower body weight.
- The distinct contributions of COPD and smoking to low BMI remain unclear, particularly in individuals who continue to smoke after diagnosis.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the independent and combined effects of smoking status and COPD on body mass index (BMI) trajectories.
- To model BMI changes over a 10-year period in different COPD and smoking status groups.
- To determine the influence of smoking behavior on weight loss in COPD patients.
Main Methods
- Analysis of 27,651 non-COPD and 25,990 COPD patients from The Health Improvement Network (2005-2019).
- Patients categorized into ten groups based on COPD status and smoking behavior (never-smoker, former smoker, sustained quitter, intermittent smoker, continuous smoker).
- Multivariable mixed-effect models used to assess BMI trajectories, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, exacerbation history, and comorbidities.
Main Results
- Individuals with COPD who were current smokers (intermittent or continuous) or sustained quitters had lower initial BMIs compared to non-COPD controls in the same smoking categories.
- Regardless of COPD status, current smokers exhibited lower initial BMIs than never-smokers and former smokers.
- In COPD patients, continuous smokers lost weight at a faster rate (-0.071 kg/m²/year) compared to former smokers, while quitters gained weight (0.266 kg/m²/year). Similar, less pronounced patterns were observed in non-COPD individuals.
Conclusions
- Smoking behavior is a significant determinant of weight loss and BMI trajectories in individuals with COPD.
- COPD patients who continue to smoke experience accelerated weight loss compared to former smokers.
- These findings underscore the critical importance of assessing smoking status and providing nutritional support for weight management in COPD care.
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