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China's environmental governance efficiency evaluation based on novel cross-efficiency network DEA model.

Rui Yang^1,2, Zhixi Zhu³, Lin Li⁴

¹School of Public Administration, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.

Scientific Reports

|September 25, 2025

Summary

Environmental governance efficiency in China remains low despite an upward trend. Implementation efficiency is higher but more volatile than response efficiency, with significant regional disparities needing targeted strategies for sustainable development.

Keywords:

Environmental attention Environmental governance efficiency Network DEA Neutral cross-efficiency Regional disparities

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Public Policy
Regional Economics

Background:

Environmental governance efficiency (EGE) is crucial for sustainable development.
China's rapid economic growth presents challenges to environmental protection.
Evaluating provincial EGE provides insights into regional disparities and policy effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the environmental governance efficiency (EGE) of 30 Chinese provinces.
To analyze the components of EGE: response efficiency (EGRE) and implementation efficiency (EGIE).
To identify regional disparities and provide targeted recommendations for improving EGE.

Main Methods:

Utilized an enhanced neutral cross-efficiency network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model.
Applied the "attention-action-outcome" framework to dissect EGE into EGRE and EGIE.
Conducted a quadrant analysis for region-specific policy recommendations.

Main Results:

Overall EGE in China showed a fluctuating upward trend but remained low (0.254 in 2022).
Implementation efficiency (EGIE) generally outperformed response efficiency (EGRE) but was more volatile.
Significant disparities exist, with eastern regions leading and western regions lagging; intra-group disparities exceeded inter-group ones.

Conclusions:

Despite improvements, China's provincial environmental governance efficiency requires substantial enhancement.
EGIE shows greater potential but also greater instability, necessitating focused policy interventions.
Addressing regional disparities through tailored strategies is essential for achieving national sustainable development goals.