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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
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ChebIoD: a Chebyshev polynomial-based lightweight authentication scheme for internet of drones environments.

Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi1, Jalal M H Altmemi2, Mahmood A Al-Shareeda3,4

  • 1Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ha'il, 81481, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Scientific Reports
|September 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Chebyshev polynomial-based mutual authentication (ChebIoD) offers a secure and efficient solution for the Internet of Drones (IoD). This protocol enhances security and performance, outperforming existing methods in computation, communication, and energy use.

Keywords:
Authentication protocolChebyshev polynomialsInternet of drones (IoD)Lightweight securityMutual authenticationQuantum resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Security
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • The Internet of Drones (IoD) faces challenges in secure, robust, and economical identity authentication due to resource limitations.
  • Existing authentication methods like blockchain, PUF, and ECC have limitations in IoD environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose ChebIoD (Chebyshev polynomial-based mutual authentication and session key generation) as a novel protocol for IoD identity authentication.
  • To enhance security, efficiency, and scalability of authentication in IoD systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ChebIoD protocol integrating post-quantum design, dynamic key management, and formal verification (BAN logic, ROR, AVISPA).
  • Conducted enhanced security assessment for side-channel threats and Trusted Authority robustness.
  • Performed comparative performance analysis against blockchain, PUF, ECC, and other Chebyshev-based schemes.

Main Results:

  • ChebIoD achieves forward and backward secrecy with lightweight polynomial computations, avoiding hard assumptions.
  • Demonstrated significant performance gains: up to 63.5% reduction in computation time, 62.4% in communication overhead, and 66.7% in energy consumption.
  • Validated practical utility in disaster response, precision agriculture, and urban air mobility.

Conclusions:

  • ChebIoD provides an efficient, scalable, and secure mutual authentication and key agreement solution for IoD.
  • The protocol offers practical advantages over existing state-of-the-art methods for IoD applications.