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  1. Home
  3. Conceptual Development And Implementation Of A Digital Twin Model For Managing Saltwater Intrusion Of An Island Coastal Aquifer.
  1. Home
  3. Conceptual Development And Implementation Of A Digital Twin Model For Managing Saltwater Intrusion Of An Island Coastal Aquifer.

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Conceptual development and implementation of a digital twin model for managing saltwater intrusion of an island

Ashneel Sharan1,2, Bithin Datta3, Dilip Kumar Roy4

  • 1Discipline of Civil Engineering, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia. ashneel.sharan@my.jcu.edu.au.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|September 25, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a digital twin (DT) framework to combat saltwater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. The DT optimizes pumping strategies, offering a novel approach for sustainable water resource management in vulnerable regions.

Keywords:
Digital twinEnsemble surrogate modelPacific Island countriesSEAWATSaltwater intrusionSimulation-optimisation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Saltwater intrusion (SWI) is a critical threat to coastal aquifers in Pacific Island nations.
  • The Tagabe coastal aquifer in Vanuatu faces significant SWI challenges.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to mitigate SWI and ensure water security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a digital twin (DT) framework for managing SWI in the Tagabe coastal aquifer.
  • To identify optimal pumping patterns using machine learning and simulation-optimization (S-O) models.
  • To assess the DT's capability in predicting future scenarios and optimizing water management.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D numerical simulation model was used to assess SWI under current pumping regimes.
  • Machine learning-based surrogate ensemble models identified optimal pumping patterns.
  • A simulation-optimization (S-O) management model was integrated into a DT framework.
  • Five scenarios with varying salt concentrations were analyzed using the DT.

Main Results:

  • The DT framework successfully simulated SWI and optimized pumping strategies.
  • Scenario 3 showed high production well pumping (17,317 m³/d) and low barrier well pumping (202 m³/d).
  • Scenario 5 indicated maximum production well pumping (31,676 m³/d) and barrier well pumping (5000 m³/d).
  • S-O model results showed less than 10% relative error compared to numerical model outputs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DT framework is the first of its kind for managing SWI in coastal aquifers.
  • DTs offer a powerful tool for predicting future scenarios and optimizing water management strategies.
  • The methodology has global significance for wise water resource management, particularly in coastal areas prone to SWI.