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Updated: Jan 16, 2026
Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
Published on: March 8, 2012
Phylogenetics and selective pressure analysis of human papillomavirus types 31 and 33 variants in Eastern China
Yan Wang1,2,3, Wenjie Qu1, Qi Zhou1
1Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Objectives:
The aim of this study is to identify the distribution of HPV31 and HPV33 lineages and sublineages, characterize their genetic variability, explore associations between cervical lesions, persistent/multiple infections, and HPV31/33 genetic variations, and estimate selective pressures and divergence times for both genotypes.
Methods:
In this study, a total of 94 samples were collected, with 276 full-length gene sequences obtained for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis evaluating genetic variant diversity was performed using MEGA software. Correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 20.0. Selective pressure and divergence time estimations were performed using the Datamonkey web server and BEAST v1.8.3, respectively.
Results:
Lineage A, B, and C variants were identified in 26.1%, 4.3%, and 69.6% of the HPV31 isolates, respectively, whereas all the HPV33 variants belonged to lineage A. We detected 108 nucleotide variations in HPV31 and 126 in HPV33. For HPV33, the nonsynonymous mutation A862T (Q97L) in the E7 gene was significantly correlated with cervical lesions (χ2 = 4.441, p < 0.05). Similarly, the synonymous mutation G7064A (S491S) was significantly associated with cervical lesions (χ2 = 5.021, p < 0.05). Notably, eleven sites were under positive selection in this study.
Conclusion:
Our study revealed two substitutions-A862T (Q97L) and G7064A (S491S)-associated with cervical lesions, along with eleven sites under positive selection. This work provides new insights into the clinical characteristics of HPV31/33 genetic variations and offers novel perspectives for developing next-generation vaccines in Eastern China.
