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Factor Analysis of Disaster and Evacuation Awareness in Japan: Understanding Social Vulnerabilities through Multiple
Akemi Hara1, Hirotomo Miyatake2, Akihiko Ozaki1,3
1Department of Research, Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Social vulnerability factors like nonregular employment and public assistance decrease disaster preparedness. Tailored strategies are needed to improve resilience among at-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Social Science Research
- Disaster Preparedness Studies
- Public Health Policy
Background:
- Social vulnerability factors significantly influence community resilience during disasters.
- Understanding the relationship between socioeconomic status and disaster awareness is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the impact of social vulnerability factors on disaster preparedness and awareness.
- To investigate nonlinear associations between socioeconomic factors and evacuation/disaster awareness.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of the 2023 Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS) with 28,481 participants.
- Factor analysis identified evacuation and disaster preparedness awareness domains.
- Generalized linear models (GLM) and logistic regression assessed associations between awareness and sociodemographic/health factors.
Main Results:
- Older age, larger household size, high income, and community attachment positively correlated with evacuation awareness.
- Nonregular employment and public assistance were negatively associated with evacuation awareness.
- Reliance on public assistance and nonregular employment significantly increased the odds of low disaster preparedness.
Conclusions:
- Social vulnerability factors are linked to reduced disaster awareness, highlighting a high-risk subgroup.
- Disaster preparedness policies must address demographic and economic disparities.
- Community-based strategies are essential for enhancing resilience among vulnerable populations.
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