Potential Role of Natural Oil in the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy- A Review

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes with limited therapeutic options. Given its complex pathophysiology involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired nerve function, there is increasing interest in complementary therapies. This review aims to summarize the potential use of natural oils, both as dietary supplements and topical agents, for the prevention and management of DN.

A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as SciFinder and PubMed for studies published from 1988 to January 2024. The search employed keywords including "diabetic neuropathy," "natural oils," and "bioactive constituents." Relevant studies involving preclinical and clinical evaluation of natural oils or their active compounds in DN were selected, analyzed, and categorized based on the type of oil, mode of application, and mechanism of action.

Several natural oils of plant and animal origin demonstrated protective and therapeutic effects against DN in both animal models and limited clinical settings. Their beneficial effects were attributed to antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, enhanced nerve conduction velocity, and modulation of vascular and neurotrophic factors. Both oral and topical applications contributed to symptom improvement.

Due to the involvement of various signalling pathways and complex pathophysiology, DN has long been a condition with few acceptable treatment options. Although several natural oils have demonstrated activity against DN, very few clinical studies have been conducted to explore their therapeutic potential fully.

Natural oils represent a potential complementary strategy for managing DN. However, more rigorous clinical investigations are essential to confirm their safety, efficacy, and translational value.