Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

4.5K
The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
4.5K
Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:17

Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

1.4K
Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
However, the ability to hold one's breath voluntarily is not limitless. When the CO2 concentration in the blood reaches a critical...
1.4K
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

1.9K
The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
1.9K
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.8K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.8K
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

3.1K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
3.1K
Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

37
The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...
37

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dopaminergic dysfunction in substance-related and behavioral addictions: Evidence from SPECT imaging in alcohol and gambling disorders.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Reduced synaptic plasticity and E/I imbalance drive peripersonal space boundaries expansion in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia research·2026
Same author

Peer Support, Stigma and Help-Seeking in the Italian Army: A Qualitative Study.

Military medicine·2026
Same author

Exposure to false cardiac feedback alters pain perception and anticipatory cardiac frequency.

eLife·2026
Same author

MRI staging of haemodynamic congestion and clinical outcomes.

European radiology·2026
Same author

Foreign Language Learning in Older Adults Modifies Resting-State Functional Connectivity Between the Subcortical Structures and the Cortex.

Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W))·2026
Same journal

What's in a Mean? Comparing Interbeat Interval Averaging Methods Across Variability Levels and Window Lengths.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Model-Free and Model-Based Learning in Human Fear Conditioning.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Examining the Impact of Acute Exercise and Arousal Reappraisal on Stressor-Evoked Psychological and Cardiovascular Responses.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Hierarchical Dimensions of Psychopathology.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

Probing Prediction-Related Processes in Language Using an EEG Word Stem Completion Paradigm.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same journal

sBOSC: A Method for Source-Level Identification of Neural Oscillations in Electromagnetic Brain Signals.

Psychophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K

Respiration Facilitates Behavior During Multisensory Integration.

Martina Saltafossi1,2,3, Andrea Zaccaro4, Daniel S Kluger1,2

  • 1Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Psychophysiology
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breathing patterns significantly impact reaction times and how the brain integrates sensory information. Faster responses occur during inhalation, while complex integration peaks during the transition from exhalation to inhalation.

Keywords:
brain–body interactionsinteroceptionmultisensory integrationperceptionrespiration

More Related Videos

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.8K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

17.0K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
06:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The brain integrates external sensory data with internal bodily signals.
  • Respiration is a key bodily rhythm influencing sensory processing.
  • Multisensory integration, crucial for reducing uncertainty, may be modulated by breathing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how respiration affects reaction times.
  • To examine the influence of respiration on multisensory integration.
  • To explore the relationship between respiratory phase and sensory processing.

Main Methods:

  • Forty healthy participants performed a simple detection task with unimodal and bimodal stimuli.
  • Respiratory activity was recorded throughout the experiment.
  • Reaction times and multisensory integration (using race model inequality) were analyzed relative to respiration phases.

Main Results:

  • Reaction times varied with respiration: faster during peak inspiration/early expiration, slower during the expiration-to-inspiration transition.
  • Audio-Tactile and Audio-Visual integration were highest during the expiration-to-inspiration phase.
  • Participants adjusted breathing, aligning responses with early expiration.

Conclusions:

  • Respiration phase influences cortical excitability, orchestrating multisensory integration.
  • Breathing is actively adjusted to optimize the balance between internal and external sensory signals.
  • This suggests a proactive, rather than purely reactive, role for respiration in sensory processing.