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Shared striatal neurons exhibit context-specific dynamics for internally and externally driven actions.

Jan L Klee1,2, Sulekh Fernando-Peiris1,3,2, Sahil Suresh1,4

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The brain uses shared neural populations to flexibly initiate movements, whether cued externally or driven internally. Neural dynamics shift within these populations, revealing a context-generalizable striatal code for movement control.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Movement initiation can be externally cued or internally driven, with distinct neural mechanisms potentially involved.
  • Disorders like Parkinson's disease differentially affect these movement modes, highlighting the need to understand their underlying neural basis.
  • It remains unclear if specialized circuits or adaptable dynamics within shared circuits support flexible movement initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain flexibly supports both internally and externally triggered movements.
  • To distinguish between specialized circuits versus shared neuronal populations with shifting dynamics for different action modes.
  • To elucidate the neural dynamics within the dorsolateral striatum during internally and externally initiated actions.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon calcium imaging in the dorsolateral striatum of mice performing a lever press task.
  • Comparison of neural activity during spontaneous (internally driven) versus cue-elicited (externally triggered) actions.
  • Unsupervised clustering analysis to identify neuronal subpopulations and their modulation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified neuronal subpopulations modulated during cue, movement, or post-action periods.
  • Demonstrated that the same neurons are tuned to movement initiation across both spontaneous and cued contexts.
  • Revealed that neural population dynamics evolve within distinct 'context' and 'action' subspaces before movement onset.
  • Showed contributions from both dopamine D1- and D2-receptor-expressing spiny projection neurons, with D1-SPNs more active during sensory stimulus presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Context dynamically shapes neural activity within shared movement-encoding populations in the striatum.
  • A context-generalizable striatal code supports flexible movement initiation driven by both internal and external factors.
  • These findings offer insights into the neural basis of motor flexibility and potential mechanisms disrupted in movement disorders.