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RiboCop surveils pre-rRNA processing by Dicer in cellular quiescence.

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|September 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a new RNA molecule, RiboCop, that silences ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in quiescent cells. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis during dormancy by preventing the production of non-functional ribosomal RNA.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Most cells enter a quiescent G0 state for homeostasis without dividing.
  • Non-coding RNAs regulate development, but their role in quiescence is unknown.
  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing is critical for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of non-coding RNAs in quiescent cells.
  • To identify regulators of rRNA processing during cellular dormancy.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms maintaining cellular homeostasis in the absence of cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Identified pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) as a target of the RNase III enzyme Dicer in quiescent cells.
  • Characterized a novel trans-acting non-coding RNA, RiboCop, involved in nucleolar stress response.
  • Investigated the complex of RiboCop with Enp2/NOL10 and RNase H1.

Main Results:

  • Dicer is physically located at the rDNA locus in quiescent cells.
  • Mutants with improper rRNA processing exhibit a nucleolar stress response.
  • RiboCop binds to unprocessed pre-rRNA and induces rDNA silencing.
  • RiboCop-mediated silencing involves Sir2, RENT, and H3K9 methylation.

Conclusions:

  • RiboCop silences rDNA specifically in dormant cells.
  • This silencing prevents the production of non-functional rRNA during quiescence.
  • RiboCop plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in G0 cells.