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On- and Offline Psychological Violence in Young Dyads: Frequency, Directionality, and Justifications
Antonia Lorente-Anguís1, Esther Lopez-Zafra1
1Social Psychology Department, University of Jaén. Universidad de Jaén Social Psychology Department University of Jaén Spain.
International Journal of Psychological Research
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Young heterosexual couples experience significant psychological violence, both offline and online, though direct online aggression is less common. Partners often underreport their involvement and fail to recognize online behaviors as violence.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Criminology
Background:
- Psychological violence is prevalent in relationships.
- Understanding its dynamics in young heterosexual couples is crucial.
- The role of online behaviors in relationship violence requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the directionality and frequency of offline and online psychological violence in young heterosexual couples.
- To examine partner agreement on perceptions and motives for using violence.
- To explore the relationship between romantic love myths and psychological violence.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 230 young heterosexual couples.
- Data collection on the prevalence, frequency, and directionality of psychological violence (offline and online).
- Assessment of partner agreement on perceptions and justifications for violence.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of psychological violence reported, except for direct online aggression.
- Frequency of violence was generally low, with acceptable partner agreement.
- Significant discrepancies existed in reported violence between partners; low self-perception of victim/aggressor roles and online abusive behaviors as violence.
Conclusions:
- Young couples exhibit considerable psychological violence, often underperceived, particularly online.
- Justifications for violence were consistent between partners.
- Findings suggest a link between adherence to romantic love myths and the perpetration of psychological violence.
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