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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
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Drug Delivery Systems for Overcoming Physical Barriers in Cancer Therapy.

Xiaofen Yi1, Xiangyu Jin2, Ying Hu1

  • 1Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014 Zhejiang, China.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Effective cancer therapy relies on drug penetration into tumors, which is hindered by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are crucial for overcoming these physical barriers and improving treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
cancer therapydrug delivery systemsextracellular matrixphysical barrierstumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Cancer therapy efficacy is significantly limited by drug penetration into tumor tissues.
  • Physical barriers within the tumor microenvironment (TME) impede drug delivery, reducing therapeutic outcomes.
  • Key TME barriers include the blood-brain barrier (BBB), vascular barriers, extracellular matrix (ECM), interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), and solid stress (SS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the characteristics of TME physical barriers and their impact on cancer therapy.
  • To review drug delivery systems (DDSs) designed to overcome TME barriers and enhance drug penetration.
  • To discuss the challenges and significance of nanomaterials used in DDSs for tumor treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of TME physical barriers and their effects on drug delivery.
  • Analysis of various DDS strategies for overcoming TME limitations.
  • Examination of clinically relevant nanomaterials for cancer therapy.

Main Results:

  • TME physical barriers significantly restrict drug penetration and distribution.
  • DDSs show promise in overcoming these barriers to improve drug delivery efficiency.
  • Several nanomaterials have advanced to clinical trials, demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TME barriers is critical for developing effective cancer therapies.
  • Advanced DDSs, particularly those utilizing nanomaterials, are essential for optimizing tumor drug penetration.
  • Further research and development of DDSs are needed to enhance clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.