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Analyzing Trends in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Workforce From 2016 to 2024.

Iniya K Adhan¹, Ryan M Sussberg¹, Leonard B Nelson¹

¹The Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

|September 26, 2025

Summary

Pediatric ophthalmology fellowship matches are declining among US graduates, with fewer spots and lower match rates than other specialties. This trend, coupled with retirements, widens the pediatric eye care provider gap.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Education
Healthcare Workforce Analysis

Background:

Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (PO&S) is a critical subspecialty addressing eye conditions in children.
Understanding fellowship match trends and workforce dynamics is essential for ensuring adequate pediatric eye care.
Current data suggests potential challenges in maintaining a sufficient PO&S workforce.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze current trends in the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus (PO&S) fellowship match.
To investigate workforce issues affecting the field of pediatric ophthalmology.

Main Methods:

Fellowship match data from 2016-2024 was obtained from the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology and the San Francisco Match.
American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) membership data was used to estimate the number of practicing pediatric ophthalmologists.

Main Results:

PO&S fellowship match numbers and growth rates were significantly lower compared to retina, cornea, and glaucoma specialties.
The PO&S match rate remained consistently lower than other subspecialties from 2016-2024.
There was an increase in international medical graduates matching into PO&S fellowships, mirroring a significant growth in international AAPOS membership (+47.1%).

Conclusions:

A declining interest among US medical graduates in PO&S fellowships is evident.
Retirements of experienced pediatric ophthalmologists, combined with lower interest, exacerbate the provider gap.
Addressing the disparity between demand and supply of PO&S-trained fellows is crucial for pediatric eye care accessibility.