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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Transvaginal Mesh Insertion in the Ovine Model
Published on: July 27, 2017
Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES): a minimally invasive approach in gynecology. A
Tadeusz Issat1, Katarzyna Sachadel2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother and Child Institute, Warsaw, Poland. tadissat@imid.med.pl.
Abstract:
Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) is an emerging minimally invasive technique that combines natural orifice access with endoscopic visualization and instrumentation. Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized gynecologic practice by reducing postoperative morbidity and enhancing recovery. vNOTES represents a novel advancement, utilizing the vaginal route to access the peritoneal cavity without abdominal incisions. This technique offers potential benefits including scarless surgery, decreased postoperative pain, and shortened hospital stays. This review summarizes the surgical technique, clinical applications, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of vNOTES in gynecologic surgery.
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