Biocatalytic and Biomimetic Catalysis for Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Olefins: A Review

Biocatalytic intermolecular [2+1] cyclopropanation of olefins exhibits the advantages of green, mild, high activity, and high selectivity. Its reaction mechanism holds significant inspiration for sustainable chemical synthesis. However, the challenges of structural stability, recyclability, and narrow substrate specificity restrict its synthetic application. Biomimetic catalytic systems integrate the strengths of organic chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. By simulating the green synthesis mechanisms of natural enzymes and optimizing artificial structures, inherent issues of enzymes can be overcome. This review focuses on the catalytic mechanisms of cyclopropane enzymes, particularly their green catalytic advantages. It summarizes the rational design and synthesis strategies of artificial biomimetic catalysts and highlights the breakthroughs in catalytic effects. Finally, the article also outlines the design principles and future prospects for natural cyclopropane enzymes and biomimetic catalysts, aiming to drive the field of alkene cyclopropanation toward more green and efficient levels.