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Updated: Jul 26, 2026
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Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization
Published on: January 29, 2017
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Large-Scale Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Scalable Fabrication, Performance Optimization, and
Liwei Fan1, Gaofeng Li1, Zhe Xing1
1State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 26, 2025
Summary
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) offer low cost and high stability for large-scale applications. This review explores scalable fabrication, performance improvements, and commercialization strategies for C-PSCs.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic devices.
- Carbon-based PSCs (C-PSCs) offer enhanced stability and low cost, addressing key industry challenges.
- Scaling up C-PSCs is hindered by high defect density and interface energy losses from fabrication processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review recent advancements in large-scale C-PSCs and modules.
- To focus on scalable fabrication techniques and performance enhancement strategies for C-PSCs.
- To analyze encapsulation technologies and cost-effectiveness of C-PSCs for commercialization.
Main Methods:
- Review of scalable fabrication techniques for high-temperature carbon electrode (HT-CE) and low-temperature carbon electrode (LT-CE) devices.
- Analysis of performance enhancement strategies to overcome interface energy losses and defect density.
- Examination of encapsulation technologies and cost analysis for large-scale C-PSCs.
Main Results:
- Identified scalable fabrication methods crucial for large-scale C-PSC development.
- Highlighted strategies for improving PCE and stability by minimizing defects and interface losses.
- Evaluated encapsulation techniques and cost factors impacting C-PSC commercial viability.
Conclusions:
- Large-scale C-PSCs show significant industrial potential, overcoming previous limitations.
- Scalable fabrication and performance enhancement are key to realizing C-PSC commercialization.
- Further research into encapsulation and cost reduction will drive market adoption.
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