The Role of Support and Communication on Postpartum Pain: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Experiences

Postpartum pain, a common symptom after a cesarean birth, is influenced by psychosocial factors. This exploratory qualitative study examined patient perspectives on social support and healthcare communication behaviors in the postpartum setting in relation to the pain experience.

In-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews about postpartum pain experiences were conducted 2-3 days and 2-6 weeks postpartum with individuals who underwent a cesarean birth (2020-2021). Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Among 49 postpartum individuals, themes related to social support and healthcare communication were identified in relation to postpartum pain. Participants discussed the impact of non-healthcare social support (e.g., partners, extended family, other children) on postpartum pain, highlighting emotional and practical assistance. Most commonly mentioned were the positive impacts of emotional and logistical support with household activities and childcare on postpartum pain recovery. The second theme covered individuals' views on how healthcare support and communication affected postpartum pain, with themes of both positive and negative experiences. Some participants discussed positive experiences of shared decision-making and responsiveness of the healthcare team, whereas others recounted negative experiences of lack of counseling and poor outpatient communication.

Social support and healthcare communication are integral influences on pain recovery after a cesarean birth. These findings highlight the need for interventions to address psychosocial support and healthcare team communication in the immediate postpartum period.