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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

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Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
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Pro-Inflammatory c-Met+ CD4 T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.

Gautier Breville1,2,3,4, Mahdia Benkhoucha2,3, Ayman Rezk4

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Annals of Neurology
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met is elevated on CD4 T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. These c-Met positive cells show increased pro-inflammatory markers and migration, suggesting c-Met as a key immune marker in MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The HGF/c-Met axis plays a role in T cell function and autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding CD4 T cell involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze c-Met expression on CD4 T cells in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients compared to non-inflammatory neurological disease (NIND) patients.
  • To characterize the function and inflammatory potential of c-Met positive CD4 T cells in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 34 untreated MS patients and 13 NIND patients for paired blood and CSF sampling.
  • Utilized flow cytometry and bulk RNA sequencing for CD4 T cell characterization.
  • Assessed adhesion and transmigration capacities of c-Met positive CD4 T cells.

Main Results:

  • c-Met positive memory CD4 T cells were significantly higher in both blood and CSF of MS patients compared to NIND patients.
  • Ex vivo c-Met positive CD4 T cells showed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-17, IFN-γ) and integrins (VLA-4, LFA-1).
  • Inhibition of integrins α4 and αLβ2 reduced CD4 T cell transmigration, particularly for c-Met positive cells.

Conclusions:

  • c-Met serves as an immune marker for highly pro-inflammatory and migratory CD4 T lymphocytes.
  • These findings highlight the role of c-Met positive CD4 T cells in both the periphery and central nervous system in MS pathogenesis.
  • c-Met expression on CD4 T cells offers a potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis.