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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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Complement and local ocular inflammatory response: Chronic immune factors in myopia.

Mengdi Zhang1,2, Ya Mo1,2, Jia Gao1,2

  • 1Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

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|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The complement cascade, a key immune response, is increasingly linked to myopia development and worsening, especially in children. Targeting this inflammatory pathway may offer new ways to prevent and treat myopia.

Keywords:
Complementhigh myopiainflammationmyopiaocular diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Myopia is a growing global health concern, particularly in young populations.
  • Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with myopia onset and progression.
  • The complement cascade, part of the innate immune system, is implicated in various ocular inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the relationship between complement activation and myopia.
  • To explore the biological mechanisms underlying complement-myopia interactions.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the complement pathway for myopia management.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of research on complement system's role in ocular inflammation.
  • Analysis of studies linking complement activation to myopia pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Complement activation contributes to myopia by driving local ocular inflammation.
  • The complement cascade is involved in inflammatory eye conditions associated with high myopia.
  • Evidence suggests complement pathways are key in myopia development.

Conclusions:

  • Complement activation is a significant factor in myopia pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the complement cascade presents a promising therapeutic strategy for myopia prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into complement-myopia interactions is warranted.