Reproductive health in the liver transplant recipient

Rates of liver transplantation (LT) are rising in young adults, including among reproductive-aged females. While pregnancy outcomes are overall favorable, these pregnancies are at higher risk and warrant careful planning and immunosuppression management. Transplant recipients value receiving reproductive health counseling from their transplant team; thus, provider knowledge surrounding pre-conception through postpartum management is key to optimizing obstetric and graft outcomes. A critical role of transplant providers lies in reproductive counseling to ascertain whether patients are sexually active, whether they hope to avoid pregnancy, and/or desire future pregnancy planning. This review, therefore, highlights the key clinical considerations with practical guidance for counseling and management of reproductive health in LT recipients.