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Terahertz High-Sensitivity SPR Phase Biosensor Based on the Weyl Semimetals.

Yu Xie1,2, Zean Shen1, Mengjiao Ren1

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.

Biosensors
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel terahertz Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor using Weyl Semimetals (WSMs) for enhanced gas detection. The WSM-based SPR sensor achieves high phase detection sensitivity, improving upon traditional biosensor designs.

Keywords:
deep learningsurface plasmon resonanceterahertz biosensorweyl semimetals

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Optical biosensors convert biological signals to optical signals for detection.
  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors offer high sensitivity, making them a research focus.
  • Weyl Semimetals (WSMs), 3D topological materials, possess unique electronic properties suitable for SPR sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and investigate a terahertz (THz) high-sensitivity SPR phase biosensor utilizing a KR structure based on WSMs.
  • To evaluate the sensor's performance in gas sensing applications.
  • To explore the influence of WSM properties on sensor sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a KR structure-based terahertz SPR biosensor incorporating WSMs.
  • Application of the biosensor in gas sensing scenarios for performance evaluation.
  • Analysis of the effects of Weyl node separation distance and twist angle on sensitivity.
  • Optimization of sensor parameters using a deep learning algorithm (neural network).

Main Results:

  • The WSM-based SPR biosensor achieved a phase detection sensitivity of 22,402°/RIU in gas sensing.
  • Sensitivity was significantly improved compared to traditional SPR biosensors.
  • Weyl node separation distance and twist angle were identified as key factors for sensitivity regulation.
  • Deep learning optimization further enhanced sensor sensitivity and structural parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed WSM-based terahertz SPR biosensor demonstrates superior sensitivity for gas detection.
  • WSM properties offer tunable parameters for optimizing SPR sensor performance.
  • This work provides a feasible reference for advancing biological sensing technologies.