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Related Concept Videos

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate01:10

Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate

The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
Factors Affecting Workability01:24

Factors Affecting Workability

The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks, which undergo...

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Tuning Pluronic Hydrogel Networks: Effects of Vancomycin Loading on Gelation, Rheological Properties, and Micellar

Michael J Gaffney1, Qi Han1, Kate Fox2

  • 1School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vancomycin alters Pluronic hydrogel properties, affecting gelation and structure. Certain Pluronic F127 and F108 formulations show promise for localized antibiotic delivery systems.

Keywords:
F108F127F68Pluronicantibioticshydrogelsrheologysmall-angle X-ray scatteringvancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Thermoresponsive Pluronic hydrogels are explored for localized antibiotic delivery.
  • The impact of drug loading on hydrogel integrity and gelation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how vancomycin affects the physicochemical properties and self-assembly of Pluronic F127, F108, and F68 hydrogels.
  • To identify suitable Pluronic formulations for vancomycin-eluting hydrogel applications.

Main Methods:

  • Rheological analysis to determine critical micellization and gelation temperatures.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study micellar ordering.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess hydrogel microstructure.

Main Results:

  • Vancomycin modified critical micellization and gelation temperatures, accelerating gelation in some systems and disrupting others.
  • SAXS revealed suppressed micellar ordering by vancomycin, particularly in F127.
  • SEM showed reduced pore integrity in vancomycin-loaded F127 and F108 gels; F68 gels showed instability.
  • 18% F127 and 22-23% F108 gels maintained 37 °C gelation with partial cubic ordering.

Conclusions:

  • Pluronic hydrogel properties are significantly influenced by vancomycin loading.
  • 18% F127 and 22-23% F108 hydrogels are promising candidates for localized antibiotic delivery due to their thermal gelation and structural integrity.
  • Findings guide the design of effective thermoresponsive hydrogels for implant-associated infections.