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Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision
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Precision in Facial Measurements: Comparative Analysis Between a Digital 3D Scanner and an Analog Instrument.

Francesco Puleio1, Giorgio Lo Giudice1, Angela Alibrandi2

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98122 Messina, Italy.

Dentistry Journal
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Digital 3D facial scanning shows accuracy comparable to calipers for measurements under 6.5 cm. However, for larger facial measurements, the digital scanning technique exhibits significant deviations, necessitating hybrid approaches for clinical precision.

Keywords:
3D scandental scannerfacial scannermorphometricsphotogrammetrystereophotogrammetrysurface imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biometrics

Background:

  • Accurate facial proportion analysis is crucial for effective dental therapeutic planning.
  • Digital scanning technologies offer potential advancements in facial measurements.
  • Evaluating the precision of these digital tools against traditional methods is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accuracy of the Planmeca ProFace 3D scanner.
  • To compare digital measurements from the scanner with analog caliper measurements.
  • To determine the reliability and agreement between the two measurement techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative cross-sectional study involving seven patients.
  • Measurement of fourteen standardized facial landmarks using both digital scanning and analog calipers.
  • Grouping measurements into small (≤6.5 cm) and large (>6.5 cm) categories for analysis.
  • Statistical analysis using paired t-tests, Cronbach's Alpha, and Bland-Altman analysis.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences were found between digital and analog measurements for both small (p=0.016) and large (p=0.001) distances.
  • High reliability was observed for small measurements (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.982), but low reliability for large measurements (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.270).
  • Bland-Altman analysis indicated a positive proportional bias, with increasing differences for larger facial measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Digital facial scanning provides overlapping accuracy with analog methods for measurements ≤6.5 cm.
  • Significant deviations occur with digital scanning for measurements >6.5 cm.
  • A hybrid approach or compensatory strategies are recommended to ensure clinical precision in digital facial analysis.