Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation with and Without Collagen on Bone Density and Skin Elasticity in Menopausal
Acharaporn Duangjai1, Jukkarin Srivilai2, Sawitree Nangola3
1Unit of Excellence in Research and Product Development of Coffee, Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
Background/Objectives:
Menopause leads to estrogen deficiency, which negatively affects bone density, skin integrity, and hair health in women. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fish-derived collagen peptides, calcium, and vitamin D3 supplementation on body composition, bone turnover markers, skin condition, and hair loss in menopausal women.
Methods:
Participants were randomized into four groups: placebo (G01), 1000 mg calcium + 400 IU vitamin D3 (G02), 5 g collagen (G03), and 1000 mg calcium + 400 IU vitamin D3 + 5 g collagen (G04). Participants received daily supplementation for six months. Body composition, biochemical bone markers (P1NP, BAP, osteocalcin), skin hydration, elasticity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and hair loss were assessed at baseline and follow-ups.
Results:
No significant changes were observed in body composition or bone biomarkers including P1NP, BAP, and osteocalcin across groups. Serum creatinine, ALT, and AST levels remained within normal ranges. Serum calcium levels remained stable, and urinary calcium excretion slightly increased in calcium-supplemented groups, indicating no adverse effects on kidney or liver function. G02 and G04 exhibited slightly decreased serum calcium levels compared to G01 and G03. However, G04 showed significantly improved skin hydration by 23% and skin elasticity by 8.52% compared to baseline after six months, whereas the placebo group showed negligible changes. G03 also showed notable improvement in elasticity by 12.23%, indicating collagen's dominant role. The G02, G03, and G04 also significantly retarded hair shedding compared to the placebo (G01) group. TEWL did not significantly change in any group.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that six-month supplementation with collagen peptides, particularly when combined with calcium and vitamin D, improves skin hydration and elasticity in menopausal women.
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