Luminescence Properties of Eu³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Bi³⁺ Co-Doped YVO₄ for Wide-Spectrum Excitation

YVO₄ based phosphors have aroused extensive interest in the field of optoelectronics due to their good chemical stability and unique luminescence properties. However, commercialization of YVO₄ phosphors requires high luminescence intensity, enhanced conversion efficiency, and a wide excitation spectrum. In this work, Eu³⁺, Ba²⁺, Bi³⁺ co-doped YVO₄ was prepared by the sol-gel method. The XRD of YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ phosphor analysis confirms the pure tetragonal phase, with a fairly large size of approximately 100 nm for the optimal composition. And the SEM and TEM revealed well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 100-120 nm. The introduction of Ba²⁺ ions enhanced the luminescence intensity, while the incorporation of Bi³⁺ ions improved the excitation width of the phosphor. The resulting YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ phosphor exhibited a 1.39-times broader excitation bandwidth and a 2.72-times greater luminescence intensity at 618 nm compared to the benchmark YVO₄: 5% Eu³⁺ sample. Additionally, the transmittance of the films in the 350 nm to 800 nm region exceeded 85%. The YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ film effectively absorbed ultraviolet light and converted it to red emission, enabling potential applications in solar cell window layers, dye-sensitized cell luminescence layers, and solar cell packaging glass.