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Solar Panel Surface Defect and Dust Detection: Deep Learning Approach.

Atta Rahman1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Imaging
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an automated system using deep learning for solar panel defect detection, improving efficiency and reducing maintenance costs. The AI model achieves over 95% accuracy in identifying issues like dust and physical damage.

Keywords:
Saudi Vision 2030YOLOv11computer visiondeep learningproactive maintenancereal-time monitoringrenewable energysolar panel defect detection

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Area of Science:

  • Renewable Energy
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Maintaining solar panel efficiency is crucial for sustainable energy.
  • Extreme environmental conditions pose challenges to photovoltaic (PV) system performance.
  • Automated defect detection is needed to reduce costs and downtime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated defect detection pipeline for photovoltaic surfaces.
  • To identify and classify five anomaly types: Non-Defective, Dust, Defective, Physical Damage, and Snow.
  • To enhance the reliability and cost-effectiveness of solar energy systems through continuous monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A heterogeneous dataset of 8973 images was curated and augmented.
  • A YOLOv11-based deep learning model was trained and fine-tuned.
  • The model was integrated into an interactive dashboard for real-time processing and alerts.

Main Results:

  • The YOLOv11 model achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 85%.
  • Accuracy, recall, and F1-score exceeded 95% across various conditions.
  • The system demonstrated superior precision and inference speed compared to manual inspection and older models.

Conclusions:

  • Automated visual inspection reduces labor costs and operational downtime for solar installations.
  • The developed pipeline offers a scalable solution for proactive maintenance and enhanced PV system longevity.
  • This approach improves the overall reliability and cost-effectiveness of large-scale solar energy systems.