Rethinking MRI Protocols for Pituitary Microadenomas: Prioritizing Non-Contrast Imaging for Safe Follow-Up

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been used as a gold standard in diagnosing and following pituitary microadenomas. However, the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) involves a potential risk of long-term retention in tissues and adverse reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of non-contrast MRI (T1W and T2W sequences) in follow-up imaging of pituitary microadenomas, attempting a comparison with DCE-MRI, assessing tumor stability over time.

We retrospectively reviewed 300 pituitary MRI scans between 2020 and 2024. Included were patients with confirmed microadenomas (≤10 mm). Non-contrast (T1W/T2W) and DCE-MRI sequences were analyzed by an experienced radiologist blinded to any clinical information. Detection rates and changes in tumor size were evaluated.

Detection rates for 79 microadenomas were 55.7% for T1W, 70.9% for T2W, and 88.6% for DCE-MRI. There was no significant tumor growth during the follow-up (mean size 4.80 ± 2.3 mm vs. 4.81 ± 2.4 mm, p > 0.5).

While still more sensitive for the primary diagnosis, the non-contrast MRI was able to visualize the majority of detected microadenomas, and significant growth was ruled out, thus supporting the case to omit gadolinium from follow-up imaging in stable cases. This may translate to lower costs and decreased patient risk from contrast-related hazards.