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Urinary Incontinence in Young Gymnastics Athletes: A Scoping Review.

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Urinary incontinence (UI), particularly stress urinary incontinence (SUI), is highly prevalent in gymnasts, affecting 70% of athletes. Research gaps exist in understanding and treating UI in this athletic population.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Urology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is a growing concern in young, nulliparous women, particularly those participating in high-impact sports like gymnastics.
  • This can elevate the risk of developing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of current evidence on UI in gymnasts.
  • To identify gymnastics disciplines with the highest UI prevalence.
  • To examine outcome measures and interventions for UI in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive scoping review was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Cochrane, etc.).
  • Studies published in English or Portuguese between January 2012 and May 2023 were included.
  • PRISMA-ScR framework guided the analysis of selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Four studies were included, revealing SUI as the most common UI type among gymnasts.
  • Artistic and trampoline gymnastics showed the highest UI prevalence.
  • Studies assessed UI prevalence, quality of life, athletic performance, and knowledge, but not treatments.

Conclusions:

  • SUI affects a significant portion (70%) of gymnasts, especially in artistic and trampoline disciplines.
  • While the ICIQ-UI-SF is consistently used, outcome measures vary.
  • There is a critical need for research into interventions for UI in gymnasts.